{"id":1230,"date":"2025-05-29T18:48:28","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T18:48:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/headacheproject.eu\/?p=1230"},"modified":"2026-10-08T21:48:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T18:48:26","slug":"intelegerea-disfunctiilor-temporomandibulare-atm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/headacheproject.eu\/fr\/intelegerea-disfunctiilor-temporomandibulare-atm\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cen\u021belegerea disfunc\u021biilor temporomandibulare (ATM)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Articula\u021bia temporomandibular\u0103 (ATM) este articula\u021bia maxilarului, situat\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba conductului auditiv extern. Este activ\u0103 c\u00e2nd vorbe\u0219ti, m\u0103n\u00e2nci sau \u00eenghi\u021bi. \u00cen mod normal, se mi\u0219c\u0103 lin c\u00e2nd deschizi \u0219i \u00eenchizi gura.<\/span><\/p>\n

Comment reconna\u00eetre un trouble temporo-mandibulaire<\/span><\/h2>\n

- Douleurs dans les muscles impliqu\u00e9s dans la mastication, ressenties dans les joues et\/ou les tempes<\/span><\/p>\n

- Douleur articulaire devant l'oreille, qui peut s'\u00e9tendre dans le conduit auditif externe (douleur \u201e pinc\u00e9e \u201d)<\/span><\/p>\n

Dysfonctions qui affectent les activit\u00e9s mandibulaires, telles que :<\/span><\/p>\n

-Amplitudine redus\u0103 la deschiderea gurii<\/span><\/p>\n

- Difficult\u00e9s et douleur lors de la mastication<\/span><\/p>\n

La physioth\u00e9rapie a un effet positif en cas de douleur \u00e0 la m\u00e2choire et de dysfonctions \u00e9videntes, telles qu'une ouverture limit\u00e9e ou une mastication difficile. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape consiste en un traitement combinant la th\u00e9rapie manuelle avec des exercices prescrits pour d\u00e9tendre la m\u00e2choire et renforcer les muscles superficiels et profonds du cou. En cas de douleur et de raideur bilat\u00e9rale le matin, qui s'am\u00e9liorent au cours de la journ\u00e9e, le port d'une goutti\u00e8re occlusale est recommand\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parafonctions : un facteur fr\u00e9quemment associ\u00e9<\/span><\/h2>\n

La dysfonction de l'ATM est souvent li\u00e9e \u00e0 des parafonctions, c'est-\u00e0-dire des habitudes telles que le serrement constant des dents ou le rongement des ongles. Celles-ci surviennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en p\u00e9riode de stress ou de fatigue, et le corps r\u00e9agit en contractant involontairement la m\u00e2choire.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce bruit articulaire est-il un signe grave ?<\/span><\/p>\n

Eh bien, ce n'est pas grave ! Il s'agit d'une subluxation du disque articulaire, une petite structure de l'articulation qui peut devenir mobile et produire des bruits. Ce son ne pr\u00e9sage ni douleur ni dysfonctionnement ! Le vieillissement, l'activit\u00e9 physique ou les modifications structurelles peuvent en \u00eatre des facteurs favorisants.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si le bruit est le seul sympt\u00f4me, la physioth\u00e9rapie n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire. Cependant, si le bruit s'accompagne de douleur ou de difficult\u00e9s fonctionnelles, la physioth\u00e9rapie peut \u00eatre efficace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce clic ATM un pericol r\u00e9el ?<\/span><\/p>\n

Les dysfonctionnements de l'articulation temporo-mandibulaire (ATM) repr\u00e9sentent un ensemble complexe d'affections impliquant l'articulation entre la mandibule et le cr\u00e2ne, ainsi que la musculature environnante. Ils se manifestent par des sympt\u00f4mes vari\u00e9s : douleur, limitations de mouvement, bruits articulaires et, parfois, des dysfonctionnements s\u00e9v\u00e8res.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aproximativ 10\u201312% din popula\u021bie sufer\u0103 de disfunc\u021bii ATM, dar doar 1\u20132% caut\u0103 tratament profesionist (dentist sau fizioterapeut). Nivelul sc\u0103zut de solicitare a tratamentului poate fi explicat prin lipsa de informare sau neclaritatea legat\u0103 de specialistul potrivit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Profils des patients et types de dysfonctions de l'ATM<\/span><\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Les femmes sont plus fr\u00e9quemment touch\u00e9es, souvent avec des douleurs et des limitations fonctionnelles.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Les hommes autour de 40 ans ont tendance \u00e0 avoir des subluxations ou des craquements articulaires, mais sans douleur intense.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es d\u00e9veloppent des formes d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives, avec douleur, difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 m\u00e2cher ou \u00e0 avaler.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Factori de risc pentru ATM<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Il existe une origine biopsychosociale complexe, influenc\u00e9e par des facteurs :<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Comportementaux : parafonctions (grincement des dents, mastication excessive de chewing-gum)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Psychosocial : anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, d\u00e9pression, somatisation, catastrophisme<\/span><\/li>\n
  • G\u00e9n\u00e9tique : certains g\u00e9notypes peuvent favoriser la douleur chronique<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Troubles du sommeil : le manque de sommeil ou l'apn\u00e9e peuvent aggraver\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Alerte rouges : \u201c Red Flags \u201d et \u201c Yellow Flags \u201d<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Signaux d'alarme : douleur oro-faciale s'aggravant \u00e0 la mobilisation de l'articulation, ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de cancer ou infections dentaires non trait\u00e9es (caries\/pulpite). Ceux-ci n\u00e9cessitent une consultation m\u00e9dicale avant la physioth\u00e9rapie.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Drapeaux jaunes : facteurs psychosociaux (d\u00e9pression, anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8re) \u2014 l'utilisation de questionnaires valid\u00e9s tels que le GAD-7 ou le PHQ-9 est recommand\u00e9e pour une \u00e9valuation suppl\u00e9mentaire.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Traitement en cabinet de physioth\u00e9rapie<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00c9valuation initiale<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Inclut une analyse des mouvements actifs et passifs de la m\u00e2choire et du cou, suivie d'une palpation minutieuse des muscles impliqu\u00e9s (notamment le mass\u00e9ter et le temporal). La douleur est localis\u00e9e et son intensit\u00e9 est \u00e9valu\u00e9e afin de d\u00e9terminer si la source est musculaire ou articulaire.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Le questionnaire Jaw Functional Limitation Scale 20 peut \u00eatre utile pour identifier les activit\u00e9s affect\u00e9es et pour personnaliser les exercices.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Palparea intraoral\u0103 : o abordare nuan\u021bat\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bien qu'utilis\u00e9e pour l'\u00e9valuation de l'ATM, la palpation intraorale a une utilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e. Il est difficile de diff\u00e9rencier la douleur r\u00e9elle de la sensibilit\u00e9, surtout chez les patients sains qui peuvent signaler une douleur similaire. Cependant, la technique peut \u00eatre utile th\u00e9rapeutiquement pour la d\u00e9sensibilisation. Une approche collaborative avec le patient est essentielle, car elle peut \u00eatre per\u00e7ue comme intrusive.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Traitement\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

    th\u00e9rapie manuelle, ejercicios y control de las parafunciones<\/span><\/p>\n

    Les traitements manuels, effectu\u00e9s correctement, sont efficaces. Les exercices sp\u00e9cifiques et le contr\u00f4le des parafonctions (comme le serrement de dents) sont cruciaux. Dans certains cas, le dry needling peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9, en fonction de la tol\u00e9rance et des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences du patient.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ATM et comorbidit\u00e9s<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Les dysfonctions de l'ATM sont souvent associ\u00e9es \u00e0 d'autres affections, telles que :<\/span><\/p>\n

    Migraines et c\u00e9phal\u00e9es de tension (pr\u00e9valence accrue chez les patients pr\u00e9sentant des dysfonctionnements de l'ATM)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Le bruxisme aggrave la douleur de l'ATM<\/span><\/h2>\n

    La posture avec la t\u00eate projet\u00e9e en avant a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un facteur de risque, mais des recherches r\u00e9centes montrent que le lien n'est pas si clair. N\u00e9anmoins, une bonne posture peut avoir des effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Perspectives d'avenir : recherche et nouvelles orientations<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Les futures \u00e9tudes examineront le lien entre la DTM et des affections telles que les acouph\u00e8nes et l'apn\u00e9e du sommeil, offrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives sur les interactions entre les dysfonctionnements musculo-squelettiques de la DTM et d'autres conditions syst\u00e9miques.<\/span><\/p>\n

    D\u00e9placement du disque : bruit articulaire, mais sans douleur<\/span><\/p>\n

    Le d\u00e9placement du disque de l'articulation temporo-mandibulaire (ATM) est souvent mentionn\u00e9, mais les \u00e9tudes montrent qu'il n'y a pas de lien direct entre la position du disque et la douleur ou la dysfonction. Autrement dit, la pr\u00e9sence d'un bruit articulaire ne signifie pas automatiquement une douleur. Ceci est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement b\u00e9nin, et le traitement doit viser \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l'anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e0 encourager l'utilisation normale de l'articulation.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Articula\u021bia temporomandibular\u0103 (ATM) este articula\u021bia maxilarului, situat\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba conductului auditiv extern. Este activ\u0103 c\u00e2nd vorbe\u0219ti, m\u0103n\u00e2nci sau \u00eenghi\u021bi. \u00cen mod normal, se mi\u0219c\u0103 lin c\u00e2nd deschizi \u0219i \u00eenchizi gura. Cum recuno\u0219ti o disfunc\u021bie temporomandibular\u0103 -Durere \u00een mu\u0219chii implica\u021bi \u00een mastica\u021bie, resim\u021bit\u0103 \u00een obraji \u0219i\/sau \u00een t\u00e2mple -Durere articular\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba urechii, care se poate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1204,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[8],"class_list":["post-1230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-understanding-headaches","tag-ro"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00cen\u021belegerea disfunc\u021biilor temporomandibulare (ATM) - Head Project<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/headacheproject.eu\/fr\/intelegerea-disfunctiilor-temporomandibulare-atm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00cen\u021belegerea disfunc\u021biilor temporomandibulare (ATM) - Head Project\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Articula\u021bia temporomandibular\u0103 (ATM) este articula\u021bia maxilarului, situat\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba conductului auditiv extern. 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